Morphology, Geology and Water Quality Assessment of Former Tin Mining Catchment

Bestari Jaya, former tin mining catchment covers an area of 2656.31 hectares comprised of four hundred and forty-two different-size lakes and ponds. The present study area comprise of 92 hectares of the catchment that include four large size lakes. Arc GIS version 9.2 used to develop bathymetric map, Global Positioning System (GPS) for hydrographical survey and flow meter was utilized for water discharge analysis (flow routing) of the catchment. The water quality parameters (pH, temperature, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen DO, total dissolved solids TDS, chlorides, ammonium, nitrates) were analyzed by using Hydrolab. Quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) procedures were strictly followed throughout the field work and data analysis. Different procedures were employed to evaluate the analytical data and to check for possible transcription or dilution errors, changes during analysis, or unusual or unlikely values. The results obtained are compared with interim national water quality standards for Malaysia indicates that water quality of area is highly degraded. It is concluded that Bestri Jaya ex-mining catchment has a high pollution potential due to mining activities and River Ayer Hitam, recipient of catchment water, is a highly polluted river

Chlorido(2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-olato-κ 2 O 3,O 4)(1,10-phenanthroline-κ 2 N,N′)copper(II)

The copper(II) atoms in the two independent mol­ecules of the title compound, [Cu(C6H5O3)Cl(C12H8N2)], both adopt square-pyramidal geometries. The two coordinating atoms of the two heterocyclic ligands comprise the square plane, and the chlorine atom occupies the apical position of the coordination environment

Bis[(4-chloro­benz­yl)triphenyl­phospho­nium] tetra­chloridozincate(II) trihydrate

The crystal structure of the title compound, (C25H21ClP)2[ZnCl4]·3H2O, consists of tetra­hedral phosphonium cations and tetra­hedral zincate anions; the water mol­ecules form weak hydrogen bonds to the anions. Two of the water mol­ecules are disordered over three sites in a 0.68:0.55:0.77 ratio

(2,2′-Bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)(4-hydr­oxy-2-oxidobenzaldehyde thio­semicar­ba­zon­ato-κ3 O 2,N 1,S)zinc(II)

The ZnII atom in the title compound, [Zn(C8H7N3O2S)(C10H8N2)], is N,N′-chelated by the heterocycle and N,O,S-chelated by the doubly deprotonated Schiff base ligand in a distorted square-pyramidal environment. O—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link adjacent mol­ecules into a layer structure

Bis(μ-4-hydr­oxy-2-oxidobenzaldehyde 4-ethyl­thio­semicarbazone)-κ4 O 2,N 1,S:O 2;κ4 O 2:O 2,N 1,S-bis­[chloridozinc(II)] dimethyl sulfoxide tris­olvate

The two ZnII atoms in the title compound, [Zn2(C10H12N3O2S)2Cl2]·3C2H6OS, are each N,O,S-chelated by a mono-deprotonated Schiff base ligand. The Zn atoms are bridged through the phenolate O atom, leading to a central Zn2O2 core. Each Zn atom has a Cl atom in the apical position of a distorted square-pyramidal environment. Hydr­oxy–DMSO (DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide) O—H⋯O and amide–DMSO N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components of the crystal structure. Two of the DMSO mol­ecules are partially disordered, with each modelled over two sites of equal weight

{6,6′-Dibromo-4,4′-dichloro-2,2′-[o-phenyl­enebis(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphenolato}nickel(II)

In the title complex, [Ni(C20H10Br2Cl2N2O2)], the NiII ion is coordinated by two phen­oxy O atoms and two imino N atoms of the tetradentate ligand, forming a slightly distorted square-planar environment. The mol­ecule is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.088 Å for the mean plane defined by all non-H atoms in the mol­ecule

Hexa-μ2-acetato-κ12 O:O′-μ3-oxido-tris­[aqua­chromium(III)] nitrate acetic acid solvate

In the crystal structure of the title salt, [Cr3(C2H3O2)6O(H2O)3]NO3·CH3CO2H, the trinuclear [Cr3(CH3CO2)6O(H2O)3] cluster cation has an oxide O atom that is connected to three water-coordinated CrIII atoms, the three metal atoms forming the points of an equilateral triangle. Each of the six acetate carboxyl­ate groups bridges a Cr–O–Cr fragment. The cluster cation inter­acts with the nitrate counter-ion and solvent mol­ecules through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network

[1-(4-Hydr­oxy-2-oxidobenzyl­idene)-4-phenyl­thio­semicarbazonato-κ3 N,O,S](1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)zinc(II)–4,4′-bipyridine (2/1)

The ZnII atom in the title compound, [Zn(C14H11N3O2S)(C12H8N2)]·0.5C10H8N2, is N,N′-chelated by the N-heterocycle and N,O,S-chelated by the deprotonated Schiff base in a square-pyramidal environment. The hydr­oxy group of the Schiff base is a hydrogen-bond donor to 4,4′-bipyridine, which is located about a center of inversion, resulting in the formation of a supra­molecular trimeric unit